فصلنامه مطالعات روابط بین الملل
پیاپی 62 (تابستان 1402)

With the expansion of information technology, the increase of communication between societies, and the growth of awareness of events in other parts of the world, governments have increased their soft power as a supplement to hard power in their macro policies, so building a reliable national brand has become important for the governments of the world. It is because they have well understood that the better image they create of themselves and their countries in the minds of the people of other countries, the more successful they will be in advancing their goals and interests. Cultural diplomacy is one of the tools for exercising soft power in the hands of countries beyond the borders and one of the main pillars of public diplomacy in order to influence the target sosieties. Japan is one of the countries with high soft power and is the only non-Western country among the top ten countries in international rankings. In this article, by describing the components of cultural diplomacy and using the three main indicators of countries' soft power ranking, the construction of this country's national brand and its weaknesses and strengths are explained. The research hypothesis is that culture, which is one of the important dimensions in nation branding, is Japan's strong point and has improved the international image of this country.

The examination of the foreign policy of Iran and the United States shows that America, with its identity combination, is the axis of Western civilization as the moderator of the current world, and Iran, with its corresponding identity combination, has the claim of establishing the Islamic world civilization, which requires the change of the international system of the world. For this reason, the relations between the two countries have diverged under the influence of the challenge of conflicting and mutual identity components. In such a way that one is trying to maintain and expand control over the existing international order and structure and the globalization of Western culture, and the other is trying to establish a new order and system and the globalization of divine sovereignty.In this article, the analytical-comparative method is used in the framework of constructivist theory. Thus, firstly, with library studies and the investigation of identity factors effective in decision-making and policy-making around the international relations and foreign policy of the two countries, the identity components of Iran and America in an analytical-explanatory way, statistics; And in the end, the research findings have been analyzed by comparing corresponding and contrasting components. The result is that this approach has a good capacity to understand and understand the position of the Islamic Republic of Iran towards the United States due to its central meaning and according to the types of identities.

The crisis of climate change is a new threat to humanity, which has led to the emergence of the concept of environmental security. Historical and technological developments, as well as the process of globalization, have led to the emergence of the concept of global security versus international security. each of the two concepts of international and global security have a different attitude towards the issue of the environment. Differences in identifying the type of security issues, diversity in security elements, differences in attitude towards threat and anti-threat factors. It is possible to explain more practical why and how these distinctions are made in international security with the help of rationalist approach and liberalism theories, as well as in global security with the help of normative approach and constructive theory. diversity in decision-making and adoption of strategies in global politics regarding the climate-changes, caused by the distinction in the position of environmental security in each of the two macro-security approaches in international relations. This research aims to achieve a practical definition of each of these concepts by explaining the semantic boundaries of international and global security with environmental security, international and global to formulate the concept of environmental security, so that he can answer his main question: what is the position of environmental security in international and global security? Answered, and to prove his hypothesis based on the ontological connection of global security with environmental security and the marginality of environmental security in security issues in international security, pay.

The current research aims to investigate the approach of the Women's Convention as well as Iran's domestic laws to the issue of women's human rights, by using a qualitative method based on collecting information from library sources (documents) and the analytical-descriptive method, and aims to answer the question that the Women's Convention and Also, what is the approach of Iran's domestic laws to women's human rights and how have the examples of these rights appeared in the aforementioned legal sources? The findings of this study indicate that legal conflicts in the fields of citizenship, women's residence and housing, family rights, cultural rights, right to employment, right to inheritance, political rights (right to be elected), legal capacity, equality before the law and so on.It can be seen between Iran's laws and the provisions of the Women's Convention, which is mainly due to differences in interpretations and the existence of some legal ambiguities; These conflicts have caused the Islamic Republic of Iran not to join the United Nations Convention on Women, and this non-adherence has fueled claims that this country is a "violator of women's rights"; However, the claim raised has not had a significant legal basis and influence in international forums and courts, but what is trying to make this claim appear more legal are political bases and factors such as the influence of the West against Iran, a political and selective approach to the category. Human rights in Iran are anti-Islamism and the West's stubbornness towards Iran,

With the emergence of the Covid-19 virus in 2019, international politics became an arena of competition and cooperation between great powers on how to deal with this virus. In this regard, one of the most important areas of competition between the great powers has been the attempt to gain soft influence and accreditation to its international face through health assistance and consultation in connection with the control of this virus. As the country that was the main source of the corona virus,China tried to restore its international image and reduce the global psychological pressure by putting the development of its health diplomacy on the foreign policy agenda through the global distribution of the vaccine and the provision of health assistance and advice to different countries. On this basis, the main question of the article is, how has China's health diplomacy in the global fight against the corona virus affected the development of this country's soft power? In response to the mentioned question, the hypothesis of the article is that "the development of China's health diplomacy in the form of distributing vaccines, providing advice and providing health aid to third world countries to deal with the corona virus, has been a tool for geopolitical influence, the development of soft power in the post-corona environment and presenting a benevolent image of this country."The present article has been written with a descriptive and analytical approach and the method of data collection has been library, the use of specialized magazines and reputable Internet sites.

The feminist approach opposes all forms of oppression, domination, gender inequality and seeks to create a global solidarity without a gender inequality and in this regard, feminist foreign policy is a way to take such actions outside national borders. Meanwhile, countries such as France, Canada, and the oldest and most comprehensive of them, Sweden, in their foreign policy have focused on promoting the status of women and the mainstream of gender. In this article, after a brief review of the foreign policy of France and Canada, this study focuses on the components of Sweden's feminist foreign policy. It seeks to answer how the country has acted towards the promotion of human rights. The research findings indicate that Sweden's foreign policy framework is in the areas of trade, defense, development, diplomacy and aid and it is based on three principles: a vindication of the rights of woman, the equal allocation of resources, and the support for increasing women's representation. Sweden considers implementing this type of foreign policy to be critical to achieving other general goals, such as Peace, security, sustainable development, and the strengthening and expansion of human rights. It commits itself to credible international commitments to improve the human rights situation of women. This kind of commitment to human rights and women's rights is reflected in Sweden's ratification of important treaties and instruments for gender equality. Data collection was reviewed by library method and research findings by descriptive-analytical method.

The purpose of this study is to identify the sources of soft diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran among the Iraqi Fili Kurds. Soft diplomacy or cultural diplomacy today as a powerful and effective tool for relations between governments and nations with the main goal of providing a clear and justified view of the value culture and behavior of an actor for various players in the international arena, including governments, international government agencies. And NGOs are civil society institutions and public opinion that pave the way for improving the level of relations between governments and creating international peace and stability. This is important for Islamic Iran, it requires recognizing and using its software resources in countries according to the cultural, political and social contexts of each target community. Among these assets in Iraq are the Fili Kurds. The fact that the Fili Kurds are Iranians and the existence of Iranian tendencies among them has caused them to always be influenced by the developments in Iran. This people has a high potential to ensure national interests and increase Iran's soft power. The research method is historical-qualitative (thematic analysis) and its statistical population includes first-hand documents and historical sources, as well as interviews with knowledgeable people or knowledgeable gatekeepers. The sampling method was purposeful. The results show that Fili Kurds share with Iran in the context of cultural diplomacy such as: historical and civilizational background, historical-cultural coexistence, religion, religion, culture, customs and the third, holding the Arbaeen Hosseini ceremony, Persian language,

Shanghai Cooperation Organization with membership of China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, India and Pakistan, on September 17, 2021, agreed to Iran's membership in the organization. After a year passed since the conditional approval of Iran's membership in the Shanghai Organization, on 17 September 2022, Iran officially became a full member of this organization. The structure of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, with the predominance of security and political propositions, also has economic dimensions, which, if properly understood, will create opportunities for Iran in the economic and trade fields. Accordingly, an attempt has been made to examine the possibility of convergence under this organization in the form of a theoretical framework of regionalism; In this study, in response to the question "Is it possible for regional integration between the SCO countries and provide opportunities for Iran under this cooperation?", Using descriptive-analytical method and data collection, with the help of library and Internet resources and under the theoretical framework of new regionalism, it is hypothesized that "the SCO, due to the priority of security-political goals, disagreement of key members in pursuing economic goals and the weakness of structures and institutions to pursue economic programs, has minimal potential for economic integration among its members, but in case of lifting the sanctions obstacles facing Iran, it will provide opportunities for political unity and economic opportunities for the country."